Aquachem v3.7 software download3/7/2024 ![]() Further, PCA analysis yielded four principal components (PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4) with higher eigen values of 1.0 or more, accounting for 65.55, 10.17, 6.88 and 6.52 % of the total variance, respectively. Thus, evaluation of hydrochemical facies from both the plots highlighted the contribution from the reverse ion exchange processes in controlling geochemistry of groundwater in the study area. Interestingly, Chadha’s plot also demonstrated the dominance of reverse ion exchange water having permanent hardness (viz., Ca–Mg–Cl type) in majority of the samples over recharging water with temporary hardness (i.e., Ca–Mg–HCO 3 type). Further, Piper trilinear diagram classified 93.48 % of the samples from the study area under Ca 2+–Mg 2+–Cl −–SO 4 2− type and only 6.52 % samples under Ca 2+–Mg 2+–HCO 3 − type. ![]() ![]() ![]() The analytical values obtained from the groundwater samples when plotted on Piper’s and Chadha’s plots revealed that the alkaline earth metals (Ca 2+, Mg 2+) are significantly dominant over the alkalis (Na +, K +), and the strong acidic anions (Cl −, SO 4 2−) dominant over the weak acidic anions (CO 3 2−, HCO 3 −). The present study envisages the importance of graphical representations like Piper trilinear diagram andĬhadha’s plot, respectively to determine variation in hydrochemical facies and understand the evolution of hydrochemical processes in the Varahi river basin. ![]()
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